The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain - 1453 Words

Throughout The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, certain characters help influence the development of Huck’s morality immensely. For instance, Jim gave Huck a sense of loyalty and respect, Meanwhile Huck’s father and the con men Huck encountered allowed him to see how not to treat others and what not to value. With all these influences weighing on Huck, he was able to progressively learn how to choose between the rights and wrongs amongst the decisions made by himself and others around him. Huck’s moral development as a character is mostly credited to himself in learning how to analyze situations and people in his life and deciding whether or not they keep strong values and morality. Throughout the beginning of the story, Huck is depicted as one who is very naive yet very frustrated with the world. For a long time, Huck goes with the flow and just takes what is given to him. That being expected though, for he is a child. As a victim of abuse and lack of education, Huck struggles to understand the world around him. He s not too comprehensive on how awful his father s actions are and why the widow doesn t want Huck to be in the man s care. Huck doesn t understand why he should conform to society and religion either. Through all this confusion though, Huck manages to develop a sense of courage and self respect. He does so by realizing he deserves better than his options, i.e., live with the widow and practice a strict and conservative lifestyle, or live withShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain830 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is â€Å"A Great American Novel†, because of its complexity and richness. Twain writes dialogue that brings his characters to life. He creates characters with unique voice and helps the reader connect to the book. Anyone who reads it is forced to develop feelings for each character. Even though there is a great amount of controversy o ver the use of some choices, such as the â€Å"n word†, it makes the book more realistic. In the beginning of the novel Huck,Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1103 Words   |  5 PagesDmitri Van Duine Jr English Mr. Nelson November 27th The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Written by Mark Twain filled his stories with many examples of satire as to convey a message while also writing an interesting story. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn revolves around the adventures of a young boy called Huckleberry Finn, who is about thirteen years old. Tom Sawyer is Huck’s best friend and around the same age as Huck. He is onlyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesZambrano Mrs. Patmor AP Lit-Period 5 28 September 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1835 Mark Twain embodies realism in almost every aspect of his writing not excluding The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which in he portrays such a lifelike setting that it almost gives you this sense of reality through the point of view of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of the charactersRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain931 Words   |  4 PagesWolski Mrs. Goska English 2H Period 3 22 October 2014 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mob mentality is the way an individual’s decisions become influenced by the often unprincipled actions of a crowd. Mark Twain penned The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain grew up in America’s southern states during the early 1800’s, a time in which moral confusion erupted within the minds of humans. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn s protagonist is a young boy named Huck who freely travels alongRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmention the years spent growing and maturing physically. Teenagers are stuck in an inbetween state where they must learn who they want to become and what they want to be when they grow older. The same is true for Huckleberry Finn, from the book â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain. This is a book that was written in a time of great confusion over moral codes and standards. It was a world split in half by two different worlds of people; those who opposed, a nd those who promoted slavery.Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain2083 Words   |  9 PagesSatire in Huckleberry Finn In the novel â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain, we are told a story about a young boy and his slave companion’s journey down the Mississippi River and all of their encounters with other characters. Twain constructed a beautiful narrative on how young Huck Finn, the protagonist in the story, learns about the world and from other adult characters, how he is shaped into his own person. At the time this book was made however, this novel provided serious socialRead MoreMark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1575 Words   |  6 Pages Mark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Controversy Mark Twain, born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, is a highly recognizable figure in American literature. Born in Florida, Missouri Mark Twain and his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri where Twain discovered and fell in love with the mighty Mississippi River. The river and his life in Hannibal became his inspiration and guiding light in most of his writing. Although Twain loved the river and did a great deal of traveling, he eventuallyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1005 Words   |  5 Pages In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain in the 19th century is about a young boy named Huck Finn and Jim, a runaway slave who go on an adventure. The two travel on a raft along the Mississippi river creating a bond and making memories. Mark Twain presents Huckleberry Finn as a dynamic character who at first views Jim as property and eventually considers Jim as a friend, showing a change in maturity. In the beginning of the book, Huck Finn clearly sees Jim as nothing more thanRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1335 Words   |  6 Pagesyear The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is placed in the top ten banned books in America. People find the novel to be oppressing and racially insensitive due to its frequent use of the n-word and the portrayal of blacks as a Sambo caricature. However, this goes against Mark Twain’s intent of bringing awareness to the racism in America. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is classified under the genre of satire and is narrated by a fictional character named Huckleberry Finn. The novelRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain810 Words   |  4 PagesBefore Mark Twain started to write two of his most famous novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark was known to use his characters to display his own thoughts and opinions. â€Å"This device allowed him to s ay just about anything he wanted, provided he could convincingly claim he was simply reporting what others had said.† (Twain, 1283). Mark Twain used this process to be a foundation of his lectures, by manipulating his popularly with his readers. During the story

Diagnostic Tools of Communication Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Diagnostic Tools of Communication. Answer: Introduction Communication can be used as a form diagnostic tool for restoring the mental balance of a particular individual. Diagnosis through communication is an effective way through which a mentally broken down person or even children in growth phase can be influenced for improvement or development of mental condition. There are several communication tools that are used for diagnosis purposes. For instance, the system for the Johari Window is to talk the learners through the different quadrants of the lattice. They start to pick up bits of knowledge to how they see themselves additionally how they uncover more than they know to other individuals. They start to have a superior gratefulness for what other individuals feel and see. Utilize the class for instance of how we uncover just certain things about ourselves at first, however over the long haul and "we open up, we uncover more about who we truly are". The Johari Window gives a valuable arrangement to speaking to individual as well as gath ering data, for example, emotions, encounters, sees, demeanors, aptitudes, expectations, inspiration, and so on from four points of view. As the class gives input to each other, learners begin to see themselves through the eyes of alternate colleagues. In this assignment, different diagnostic tools related to communication have been analyzed and discussed. For this purpose, five different tools have been considered. Diagnosis and Reflection Diagnosis through communication is an effective way through which a mentally broken down person or even children in growth phase can be influenced for improvement or development of mental condition. There are several communication tools that are used for diagnosis purposes. These tools have different purposes and usages. Albeit ordinary experiences amongst guardians and preschool educators happen normally, the preschool educational modules exhorts that formal parentteacher meetings ought to occur all the time. The interaction amongst guardians and instructors, both in ordinary talk and amid parentteacher gatherings, is said to be worried with kids' improvement, learning and prosperity both at home and at preschool. Self-assuredness is the capacity to impart conclusions, musings, needs, and sentiments in an immediate, genuine, and suitable way. Individuals with an inactive style tend to put the requirements of others before their own. This might be on the grounds that they don't trust they have the privilege to affirm themselves. Emphaticness includes going to bat for one's rights in a way that does not annoy others or prevent the rights from claiming others. They may trust that they are second rate and that their needs are not sufficiently imperative to make an object about. These individuals have a tendency to trust that they are awkward, or powerless, and along these lines experience issues caring for themselves or settling on their own choices. On the other hand, aloof individuals could feel that it is too hard to ever be self-assured or that it is significantly simpler to give others a chance to settle on every one of the choices. Albeit uninvolved individuals may not generally be content with the choices made by others, it typically appears to be less demanding to oblige the choices and `keep the peace' as opposed to make a complain. The outcome might be low confidence, dejection, outrage, and numerous other passionate or physical dissensions. The system f or the Johari Window is to talk the learners through the different quadrants of the lattice. They start to pick up bits of knowledge to how they see themselves additionally how they uncover more than they know to other individuals. Since most communicators are likely ignorant of this, this questionnaire will help one pinpoint the encounters that suit his correspondence style. Throughout the years, scientists have investigated correspondence "propensities" that help one advantage more from a few encounters than from others. The Johari Window gives a valuable arrangement to speaking to individual as well as gathering data, for example, emotions, encounters, sees, demeanors, aptitudes, expectations, inspiration, and so on from four points of view. As the class gives input to each other, learners begin to see themselves through the eyes of alternate colleagues. Over the long haul and they bond, they turn out to be increasingly open. The marks allude to "self" 'as well as other people': "self" means oneself while "others" implies other individuals in the individual's gathering or group. The key advantages of understanding one's own and others' correspondence styles include: Having the capacity to distinguish possess and others' learning and correspondence qualities and in this manner figure out how to improve utilization of them The capacity to urge people to build up their potential Correspondence styles are generally comprehended and utilized by many blue chip organizations to advance a correspondence culture at work By understanding the path in which one jumps at the chance to convey, one picks up a superior comprehension of how his techniques for communicating with, and driving, others mirror this. They are along these lines more ready to modify those strategies, if fundamental, to adjust to the styles of kindred colleagues. This hoses the inclination to utilize one's correspondence style as a reason Building up a self-awareness anticipate how to accomplish a correspondence potential Through a procedure of talking one may likewise reveal conviction frameworks which are not serving him. Some portion of the procedure can likewise be sharing of his considerations, emotions and encounters. Regularly individuals tell their advisors things they don't feel great telling any other person (Tong, 2014). It can be effective to tell another person what is truly happening for him. This can be exceptionally freeing, and it can be groundbreaking to demonstrate one's concealed viewpoints to somebody and have them like and regard him inside it. Albeit uninvolved individuals may not generally be content with the choices made by others, it typically appears to be less demanding to oblige the choices and `keep the peace' as opposed to make a complain. The outcome might be low confidence, dejection, outrage, and numerous other passionate or physical dissensions. Additionally, individuals who are extremely aloof regularly lose the regard of others on the off chance that they neglect t o defend their rights. Nonetheless, given time, uninvolved individuals may begin to detest the way that their needs are constantly neglected. Literature Review The following is the literature review for the different diagnosis tools related to communication. Talking Therapy According to Berland Berland (2017), the following layer of working depends on the most straightforward however capable standards of guiding. This is helping one to investigate one's own life and what is happening for him. This frequently happens right off the bat through discussion. As one talks about what is going on for him, the topics he is managing progressed toward becoming clearer. This then enables him to concentrate on the center of the issues he is confronting. Talking can likewise help one to understand what is happening. The communicator may offer inquiries and reflections to help one all the more profoundly comprehend himself and his circumstance. Price et al. (2015) said that when one talks inside and out about his lives he actually makes a story from the occasions throughout his life. It can be imperative to feel that what is transpiring has significance and reason. There can be chances to investigate other conceivable structures of understanding one' s reality and to discover ones which feel both consistent with him. Strength Cards According to the works of Bahadori, Shiri Mahdizade (2015), albeit ordinary experiences amongst guardians and preschool educators happen normally, the preschool educational modules exhorts that formal parentteacher meetings ought to occur all the time. The interaction amongst guardians and instructors, both in ordinary talk and amid parentteacher gatherings, is said to be worried with kids' improvement, learning and prosperity both at home and at preschool. The Swedish Curriculum for the preschool likewise indicates the significance of correspondence and talk as a device to develop a decent connection amongst home and preschool and to accomplish distinctive institutional objectives. Albeit such gatherings are visit in preschool settings, there is a general absence of learning about them (Saxena, 2015). Prior reviews have demonstrated that the youngster is oftentimes discussed in detail in parentteacher meetings and that the instructors rule the discussion. Past resea rch demonstrates that parent-instructor meetings are considered as significant practices that maintain and build up the connection amongst home and preschool/school. In this article the attention is on the parentteacher connections and highlights the preschool educator's methodologies to get the guardians included and dynamic in the discussion about the individual youngster by utilizing a particular antiquity, supposed 'quality cards'. Assertive Type Questionnaire Self-assuredness is the capacity to impart conclusions, musings, needs, and sentiments in an immediate, genuine, and suitable way. Individuals with an inactive style tend to put the requirements of others before their own. This might be on the grounds that they do not trust they have the privilege to affirm themselves (Tran, 2016). Emphaticness includes going to bat for one's rights in a way that does not annoy others or prevent the rights from claiming others. They may trust that they are second rate and that their needs are not sufficiently imperative to make an object about. These individuals have a tendency to trust that they are awkward, or powerless, and along these lines experience issues caring for themselves or settling on their own choices. On the other hand, aloof individuals could feel that it is too hard to ever be self-assured or that it is significantly simpler to give others a chance to settle on every one of the choices. Hostility includes going to bat for your rights in a way that is pushy and unseemly. Animosity insults the rights or sentiments of other individuals. In this manner, individuals who have a forceful style accept solidly in their own rights yet may not trust that others have break even with rights. On the other hand, in spite of the fact that individuals with a forceful style may concur that other individuals have rights, however dismiss this when they feel their own rights have been encroached upon. These individuals for the most part have a solid need to contend or substantiate themselves (Taylor Hamdy, 2013). They in some cases feel they merit more regard and consideration than other individuals. Individuals who have a forceful style have a tendency to have poor relational abilities. They generally get their own particular manner by treading on others and by being impolite, pushy, and annoying. They are probably going to experience difficulty creating or keeping close and friendly connections. This conduct may not be deliberate but rather can be extremely pernicious. Individuals who are decisive know they have rights additionally recollect that other individuals have rights also. These individuals have a feeling of `give and take' and are co-agent now and again of contention. Self-assured individuals evaluate every circumstance and choose which activity is generally fitting. Emphatic individuals think about other individuals' sentiments and in this way expression their solicitations or dissensions in an affable yet firm way. They can twist and give in if fundamental (for instance, if the other individual is being troublesome on the grounds that he or she is unwell) or they can support their rights and be solid at different circumstances. These individuals have control over their conduct and have regard for themselves as well as other people (Ghaferi Dimick, 2015). Decisive individuals attempt to pick the most proper conduct for the circumstance. Communication Style Questionnaire This questionnaire is intended to find one's favored correspondence style(s). Since most communicators are likely ignorant of this, this questionnaire will help one pinpoint the encounters that suit his correspondence style. Throughout the years scientists have investigated correspondence "propensities" that help one advantage more from a few encounters than from others. Johari Window The name, JOHARI Window, makes it seem like a confounded apparatus. In all actuality, Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham made the vital name for their model by joining their first names, Joe and Harry. The system for the Johari Window is to talk the learners through the different quadrants of the lattice. They start to pick up bits of knowledge to how they see themselves additionally how they uncover more than they know to other individuals. It was first utilized as a part of 1955 and from that point forward has turned into a broadly utilized model for comprehension and preparing in an assortment of mindfulness ward exercises, for example, self-awareness, correspondences, relational connections, assemble progression, group improvement and between gathering connections (Bradbury?Jones et al., 2014). They start to have a superior gratefulness for what other individuals feel and see. The Johari Window gives a valuable arrangement to speaking to individual as well as gather ing data, for example, emotions, encounters, sees, demeanors, aptitudes, expectations, inspiration, and so on from four points of view. As the class gives input to each other, learners begin to see themselves through the eyes of alternate colleagues. Over the long haul and they bond, they turn out to be increasingly open. The marks allude to "self" 'as well as other people': "self" means oneself while "others" implies other individuals in the individual's gathering or group. It is an astounding device for contrasting self-recognition with open discernment and turning into a guide outline enhancements. Action Plan The main objective of the action plan is to conduct an in-depth analysis of different diagnostic tools that are related to communication. The action plan includes the development of study requirements, collection of materials for literature survey and collection of the secondary data from the literary sources. The detailed action plan for the project as per the expected schedule is shown using the following schedule and the Gantt chart. Task Name Duration Start Finish Action Plan 152 days Tue 23-05-17 Wed 20-12-17 Activity Initiation 14 days Tue 23-05-17 Fri 09-06-17 Development of Study Requirements 2 days Tue 23-05-17 Wed 24-05-17 Documentation of the Requirements 2 days Thu 25-05-17 Fri 26-05-17 Preparation of a Study Plan 3 days Mon 29-05-17 Wed 31-05-17 Scheduling of the Study Plan 4 days Thu 01-06-17 Tue 06-06-17 Identification of Suitable Study Materials 3 days Wed 07-06-17 Fri 09-06-17 Action Initiation 110 days Mon 12-06-17 Fri 10-11-17 Collection of Study Materials 15 days Mon 12-06-17 Fri 30-06-17 Literature Survey using Study Materials 30 days Mon 03-07-17 Fri 11-08-17 Collection of Secondary Data 10 days Mon 14-08-17 Fri 25-08-17 Analysis of All the Collected Data 15 days Mon 28-08-17 Fri 15-09-17 Contact with Mentor 2 days Mon 18-09-17 Tue 19-09-17 Consultation with Action Team 3 days Wed 20-09-17 Fri 22-09-17 In-depth Analysis 10 days Mon 25-09-17 Fri 06-10-17 In-depth Understanding 10 days Mon 09-10-17 Fri 20-10-17 Preparation of Project Report 15 days Mon 23-10-17 Fri 10-11-17 Activity Closure 28 days Mon 13-11-17 Wed 20-12-17 Review of Project Report 10 days Mon 13-11-17 Fri 24-11-17 Submission of Report to Mentor 1 day Mon 27-11-17 Mon 27-11-17 Review by Mentor 12 days Tue 28-11-17 Wed 13-12-17 Marking 5 days Thu 14-12-17 Wed 20-12-17 References Bahadori, M., Shiri, A., Mahdizade, H. (2015). Ranking Feedback and Disclosure Mechanisms based on Johari Window Model in order to Enhance Organizational Communications. Berland, A., Berland, A. (2017). Using the Johari Window to explore patient and provider perspectives.International Journal of Health Governance,22(1), 47-51. Bradbury?Jones, C., Taylor, J., Kroll, T., Duncan, F. (2014). Domestic abuse awareness and recognition among primary healthcare professionals and abused women: a qualitative investigation.Journal of clinical nursing,23(21-22), 3057-3068. Ghaferi, A. A., Dimick, J. B. (2015). Understanding failure to rescue and improving safety culture.Annals of surgery,261(5), 839. McCabe, C., Timmins, F. (2013).Communication skills for nursing practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Price, A. M., Stephens, M., Patterson, C., Snelgrove-Clarke, E., Work, F., Chiang, V. (2015). What are the patterns of personal learning environments (PLE) for undergraduate students undertaking degrees in nursing. Saxena, P. (2015). JOHARI WINDOW: An Effective Model for Improving Interpersonal Communication and Managerial Effectiveness.SIT Journal of Management,5(2), 134-146. Taylor, D. C., Hamdy, H. (2013). Adult learning theories: Implications for learning and teaching in medical education: AMEE Guide No. 83.Medical Teacher,35(11), e1561-e1572. Tong, C. (2014).Doctor-patient Communication Model and Its Enlightenments Based on the Thory of Johari Window(Doctoral dissertation, College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University). Tran, B. (2016). Communication: The Role of the Johari Window on.Handbook of Research on Effective Communication, Leadership, and Conflict Resolution, 405.

Seriousness of Global Warming

Global warming is considered to be one of the most significant problems. The problem touches upon the rise of temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere as well as the influence of gaseous emissions and combustion gases, which are the reasons for the ecologists and scientists’ concern. Therefore, the anthropogenic factor comes into effect.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Seriousness of Global Warming specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are a lot of scientific articles as well as books and other sources which are devoted to the ecological problem. Generally, global warming is described as a rise of temperature. One of the authors who studied this ecological problem carefully, the author Cline (1992) states that â€Å"the most serious general problem is that the reports—especially their policy aspects—focus too much on climate change up to a fixed date, 2030, instead of giving equal empha sis to the longer-term changes that will result from human actions between now and 2030.† (p. 44) The consequences of global warming which influence the future must be taken into consideration, but if one thinks about the present, there will be no need to anticipate things. The question which the ecologists ask themselves is what is to be done next? The actions of those who give consideration to this global ecological problem are not coordinated, as their quantity is not enough to affect others. Of course, it is easier to think about negative consequences which will take place in future, but not to take measures now. There are many factors which are related to the origin of the ecological problem. However, global warming depends mostly upon the so-called greenhouse effect which is re-radiated towards the lower atmosphere. (NOAA Satellite and Information Service, 2007) The above-mentioned effect is the most important factor of the Earth’s temperature regulating. In most cases it is the anthropogenic factor which is considered to be the principal reason of global warming. A carbon dioxide which is the main element of the greenhouse effect exceeds its norms by numerous times. For instance, various combustion gases influence the increasing of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Earlier, people thought that the climate changes depend upon the solar influence; however, today this point of view is recognized to be outdated. On the one hand, the statement makes sense; on the other one, the impact of solar effect is recognized to be rather small in comparison with greenhouse influence, so, the earlier statement is negligible. Today, it is possible to predict the results of climate changes. Thus, computer technologies allowed to create the so-called climatic system to determine the interaction between global warming and greenhouse effect. The strange thing is that it is not the concentration of greenhouse gases which causes the climate changes, but their inte raction with various physical processes does.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One may say that there are no visible results of the ecological problem. It is a wrong opinion. The negative consequences of global warming are noticeable on small islands. The problem touched the human health as well, so there is a strong necessity to find the solution to the problem. The global ecological problem is related to every person who lives on the Earth. Thinking about global warming and its possible consequences, is the first step of the problem solution. Underestimating the global warming is a mistake. Reference List Cline. W.R. The Economics of Global Warming. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics. Retrieved from https://www.questia.com/read/99472197/the-economics-of-global-warming NOAA Satellite and Information Service. (2007). Global Warming. Web. This essay on Seriousness of Global Warming was written and submitted by user Rumiko Fujikawa to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

International Monetary Fund Essays - Foreign Exchange Market

International Monetary Fund Essays - Foreign Exchange Market International Monetary Fund -International Monetary Fund- Addressing Fundamental Economic Goals On an International Level The International Monetary Fund is an important function that makes world trade less strenuous. The International Monetary Fund, or IMF as it is called, provides support and supervision to nations in all stages of economic progress. International trade is a key element to enable nations, large and small, to strengthen their economic positions. Larger nations need the international market to export their goods and services, and smaller nations also need this world scale market to import products so they are able to produce more efficiently. In order to achieve these goals, one major component must be in place. The ability to value other nation's currency. Throughout the years, many different ways have been used to do this, mostly ending in failure. There is no perfect way to accurately measure the true value of another country's currency. The International Monetary Fund is an effort to see each country's economic position, offer suggestions, and provide the fundamental economic securi ty that is essential to a thriving (world) economy. Many of the domestic economic goals are reiterated by the INF on an international level. To understand the current INF we will investigate the events leading up to its existence. Between 1879 and 1934 major nations used a method of international exchange known as the Gold Standard. The Gold Standard was simply a fixed-rate system. The rate was fixed to gold. In order for this system to function properly three things had to happen. First, each nation had to define its currency to gold (this definition then could not change). Second, each nation must than maintain a fixed relationship to its supply of money and its amount of actual gold. Third, the on-hand gold must be allowed to be exchanged freely between any nations throughout the world. With all of those policies successfully in place, the exchange rates of the participating countries would then be fixed to gold, therefore to each other. To successfully maintain this relationship some adjustments had to be made from time to time. For example, two countries A and B are doing international business together and A buys mo re of B's products than B buys of A's. Now B doesn't have enough of A's currency to pay for the excess products purchased. B now has what's called a balance of payment deficit. In order to correct for this deficit the following must occur; Actual gold must now be transferred to A from B. This transfer does two things. First, it reduces B's money supply (a fixed ratio must be maintain between the actual amount of gold, and the supply of money) hence lowering B's spending, aggregate income, and aggregate employment, ultimately reducing the demand for A's products. Second, A's money supply is now increased, raising A's spending, aggregate income, and aggregate employment, ultimately raising the demand for B's products. These two events happen simultaneously stabilizing the exchange rate back to its equilibrium. The Gold Standard served the world's economy very well until one unfortunate event happened. The Great (worldwide) Depression of the 1930's presented the world with a new set of problems to be dealt with, not only domestically, but throughout the entire world. The situation was bad, so bad that nations would do anything to dig themselves out of economic disaster. Nations now would break the biggest rule of the Gold Standard. Nations started to redefine the value of there currency to gold. This act of devaluation, as it was called, disrupted the entire world's perception of the relationship of each country's currencies to there own. Bartering systems were tried, however, eventually the Gold Standard failed. After The Depression international trading was crippled. A new method of international currency exchange had to be developed. Many ideas were listened to, but not until 1944 would a new entirely accepted method be adopted. During this year in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire a modified adjustable-peg system was formed, in addition to this new innovative system, the International Monetary Fund was formed. For many years the Bretton Woods adjustable-peg system worked well. This system became more and more dependent of the United States currency's value. Since from the inception of the IMF in 1946 the

Freedom in Paradise Lost by Milton and Cain by Byron Essay

Freedom in Paradise Lost by Milton and Cain by Byron - Essay Example Both of them develop their argument on the basis of the well-known events from the Bible. Human creatures of God experience their devoted Christian faith, whereas their minds are looking for freedom. There is a common thread between Milton’s and Byron’s creative heritage. Both of these two authors are exploring freedom and constraint as fasteners of a human existence. It is impossible to live without longing for freedom. Lucifer in Byron’s Cain says that â€Å"‘Nothing can / Quench the mind†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 1. Freedom is interpreted as a feature of mind. To think freely means to live without any constraints. To be guided by reason and not by impulses means to be free. From another perspective, Adam and Eve were looking for freedom in their ability to think beyond moral and religious templates. Freedom of choice was their final goal. They were excluded from heaven, but they did not complain that their exclusion was the highest price for their freedom. Cain paid much for being free, but their longing for freedom were ever lasting and worth being strived for. Milton’s opposition: freedom of mind vs freedom of choice At first, Milton depicts Eve and Adam as devoted followers of God. They are driven by his constant power and they are driven into temptation to eat the forbidden fruit by Satan. It is rather paradoxical that such kind of behavior occurs between these two beloved and devoted Christians:   But of this Tree we may not taste nor touch; God so commanded, and left that Command Sole Daughter of his voice; the rest, we live Law to ourselves, our Reason is our Law2.    For Eve reason is not her law. A command of God is beyond reason of Eve and Adam. They blindly believe in God and follow his commandments. Milton questions the limits of God’s command; he tries to find out whether it is unreasonable or whether it is an act of his will only. Freedom of Eve and Adam can be found in their faith and not in their reason. Freed om is not only to accept the laws of God, but to follow those laws as well. There is a hint about the Christian Doctrine and the way the Christians consider God to be â€Å"a beneficent and omnipotent deity who is always to be obeyed and free to believe that he is an envious oppressor, obedience to whom results in  unhappiness and self-debasement.3† These beliefs of Adam and Eve are contrasting with the beliefs of the Christian doctrine. A failure of Adam and Eve can thus be found in their failure of reason. An act of faith and an act of freedom are contrasted in Eve’s considerations about her eating of the forbidden fruit. Her fall is the result of her spontaneous actions and escape from her faith. Moreover, not only Adam and Eve make their decisions tearing about freedom of faith and freedom of reason, but also all other human beings, who are driven into temptation by their seducers. An inner freedom should be exercised independently from reason. At the same time, freedom of mind is freedom of existence. First, free your mind and you will be free. In the book 9, where the fall of Adam and Eve is discussed, Milton claims that: "the crucial matter is what they think of God's words-that is, of how they conceive them-which is finally, of course, a question of how they conceive him"4. There is no doubt that Milton correlates the issue of freedom with the issue of God. These two concepts are inseparable in his epic poem. A free choice of faith is an ability to choose God you want to follow. These words can be read between

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Discussion - Essay Example For instance, the atmosphere in the South and the way Southern rich people lived. They were careless and happy and they were living in the world they understood well. They knew that their wealth was based on their slaves’ labor. They also saw nothing wrong about the order established. Slaves were seen as property and they served their masters well. The movie does not provide explicit information on the factors that caused the start of the Civil War. However, the atmosphere is revealed perfectly well. Southerners wanted to defend the life they were accustomed to and the world order that had been established. Young people were fascinated by the idea of having the war, and they gladly joined the army. The atmosphere at Scarlett’s house during the party shows this enthusiasm. The overall support of the war is also seen when the charity ball is depicted. Men and women gladly donated, as they believed that the war was the right cause. It is noteworthy that during one of his lectures, Dr. Foner stresses that war cannot be romanticized as it is horrible and ugly. It is associated with death and destruction. The film provides a lively picture of such statements. Scarlett decides to go back to Tara and she is fleeing a deserted city. She also has to move across a battle field where corpses are still there. The horrible picture of war is provided. As for bias, it is necessary to note that the book (the film is based on Margaret Mitchell’s novel) was written by a white wealthy Southern female who lived during the time of segregation. The film was produced in 1939. Clearly, at that time, voices of African Americans were hardly heard. Thus, no hardships of slaves are depicted. The protagonists are all kind to their slaves. Of course, they still make it clear that they are in charge and their slaves do not know anything about the way things should be going. All slaves express support of their masters and seem to be happy with the

Concentration Levels of Essential Metals

Concentration Levels of Essential Metals Comparative Distribution of Selected Essential Metals in Drinking Water by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Method Tanzeel ur Rehman and Misbah Zahid ABSTRACT This study reports the concentration levels of selected essential metals; Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe and Zn in the drinking water collected from different areas of Islamabad. The levels of these metals present in the drinking ground water were compared with standards reported worldwide. The analysis was carried out using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean metal concentration for Na was far less than those reported worldwide, while the average concentrations of K and Zn were also less than those reported worldwide. The mean concentration of Fe was equal to those reported worldwide standards. Sodium showed maximum concentration while Fe was estimated to be the lowest among the selected metals. Key Words: Essential Metals; Ground water; Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry INTRODUCTION Environmental pollution especially in the metropolitan cities is generally expected to deteriorate the quality of drinking water. One of the important parameters of the quality of water is represented by the concentration of major, minor and trace elements. In industrial areas, some of the metals may be expected to present at considerably elevated level as a result of excessive industrial effluents which might find their way to the underground drinking water reservoir1. Contrary to such theory, one may suggest that, the underground drinking water resources may still be out of reach to the surface pollutants. In any of such cases, regular monitoring of trace metals is always recommended especially in the drinking water2. In Pakistan, only limited population has access to the purified public water supply while the rest of population is dependent upon direct withdrawal of water from both surface and underground sources. Most of the quality problems in Pakistan are due to lack of waste disposal regulations non-availability of treatment facilities and due to lack of public awareness about water quality3. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry is most commonly used for the determination of metal levels in the groundwater and soil4. In addition, few other techniques, such as X-ray fluorescence, ICPMS, ICPES, flame photometry, emission spectrography and voltammetry have been used for metal analysis on limited scale. Atomic absorption method is preferably used because it is more sensitive, and reproducible, relatively free of interferences and convenient to use than most of the other methods of analysis. For the quantitative measurements of trace metal levels, calibration line method has been most widely applied. The most selective light sources in the form of hollow cathode lamps have been in use since a long in atomic absorption spectroscopy5. Drinking water used in Rawalpindi and Islamabad is contributed by two main sources. First is the surface water, mainly in the form of dams and the other is groundwater which is drained off after proper boring. Water supplied to twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad is mostly a run-off collected from the watershed of Murree hills. The contamination is due to the anthropogenic emissions and geological structure of the area bearing unhealthy minerals affecting the taste and characteristics of water6. The pathogenic organism is also responsible for health hazard, apart from the inorganic chemical7. The present study was carried out to estimate the concentration of selected essential metals Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe and Zn in the drinking water and then to compare these metal levels with the international standards in order to evaluate their health effects. EXPERIMENTAL Water samples were collected from the residential areas of Islamabad. These samples were collected in plastic bottles and stored in proper place before analysis. Before filling, the sample bottles were first rinsed with the sample water and were then filled to overflow so that no air bubble was left trapped in the sample. The samples were collected during day time, mostly on a shiny day. Care was taken to collect the representative samples. For calibration line, working standards of the metals were prepared. The stock solutions of 100 ppm of all these metals were prepared from pure metal salts, or metal salt having fixed H2O molecules. The working standards were prepared by appropriately diluting 100 ppm stock solutions of these metals. All equipments used, were properly calibrated prior to experimental measurement. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Hitachi, 170-10, Japan) equipped with laminar flow burner. Air-acetylene flame was used for the determination of these metals under optimum analytical conditions shown in Table-1. Each metal was analyzed at its optimum wavelength under stipulated flow rate of oxidant and fuel, as recommended by the manufacturer of the instrument. Every care was taken to reduce the contamination during the analysis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The analysis of selected essential metals was performed under the optimum analytical conditions as shown in Table-1. The absorption wavelength used for Ca was 422.7 nm, for Mg 285.2 nm, for Na 589.0 nm, for K 766.5 nm, for Fe 248.3 nm, Zn 213.8 nm. The lamp currents were properly adjusted as recommended by the manufacturer and oxidant and fuel flow rates were also controlled for maximum absorption signal (Table-1). The distributed parameters for the selected essential metals in the drinking water are shown in Table-2. Minimum levels for Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, and Zn were 1.15, 9.00, 11.21, 0.70, 0.20 and 0.23 ppm, while their maximum values were 32.43, 25.64, 25.95, 4.43, 0.63 and 0.56 ppm respectively. Ca, Mg and Na were present at dominant levels while K, Fe, and Zn showed relatively low concentrations. Mean and median values were found to be comparable in each case. Overall, the metal levels were quite divergent as manifested by relative high standard deviation values as well as appreciably large coefficient of variance. In water, trace amounts of metals are common, and normally, these are not harmful to health. In fact, some metals are essential for the sustainability of life. Ca, Mg, K and Na must be present at relatively higher levels for normal body functions. Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se and Zn are needed as catalysts for enzyme activities at low levels. Drinking water containing high levels of these extremely important metals or poisonous metals such as Al, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg. Se and Ag may be dangerous to health8. The presence of metals in water supply may be natural or may be the result of contamination. Natural presence of these metals is the result of dissolution of metals due to the connection of water with soil or rocks9. Corroded material i.e corrosion of pipes and waste disposal leakage are the major sources of contamination of water. Metals present at high enough level than threshold limit value should be removed to be out of risk factor. Comparison of present metal levels with the international standards is shown in Table-3. Ca is important in controlling nerve impulse conduction and muscle contraction in living organisms. It has very important role in blood clotting. It converts fibrinogen to fibrin during blood clotting10. Ca is very important for good health. Most of the required portion of Ca for human body is provided by the drinking water containing Ca. This particular amount of Ca prevents ailments as hypertension, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disorders. The calcium level was found in the range of 1.15 to 32.43 ppm. The WS-1, WS-2, WS-3 has approximately equal amount of Ca while the WS-6 has a maximum amount of Ca. The median of all these samples were 18.64 ppm. The WS-5 was found to have the minimum amount of Ca. All the observation shows that Ca has the low amount than the WHO standards. The standard deviation is 8.02 and the co–efficient of variance is 40.8 which is maximum than all the other elem ents. Magnesium is driven out from the bodies of healthy persons. People may suffer from increase in blood pressure, muscle weakness and even coma if they have kidney disease. Mg is for signaling the nervous system and it also participates in osmotic and electrolyte balance. It is essentially required in photosynthesis. In human, it can cause genetic disorder11. In the present work the Mg mean value was found 18.04 ppm. The concentration of Mg ranges from 9.00–25.64 ppm. The lowest value was found in WS-6D and the highest was found in WS-2C. The median was found 16.36 ppm .All the values were found to be below the international standards of WHO. The maximum difference was found in WS-1 samples which is 15.93–25.23. The median was lower than the mean which shows asymmetry in its distribution. The standard deviation is 4.59 ppm and co-efficient of variance is 23.21 which is lower than all other elements. Sodium is beneficial to healthy adults at normal intake levels. But people having hypertension or heart problem should reduce Na intake to lower the danger of heart diseases and blood pressure. Na has serious effects on both human life and crop yield. Water high in Na is considered soft and generable for irrigation12. In present study, the result showed the mean value of Na was 19.80 ppm which was higher than Ca and Mg but this level was not the toxic level, so it has no bad effects. Na levels range from 11.21 to 35 ppm. The least Na levels were found in WS-6D and the highest was found in WS-4E. The median was higher than the mean value which showed the negative asymmetry in the data. The spread of the data is found in form standards deviation and was 6.02 ppm and the co-efficient of variance was 33.39 %. In comparison with the international standards, the Na levels found in the samples were low than WHO, EU, UK and Japan, but are just equivalent to USEPA standards. In natural water, K is found in far smallest concentration than other metals. It acts in water as Na does, although it occurs in small concentration but plays an important role in metabolism of the fresh water environment and is regarded to be the vital macro-nutrients. It has an important role in maintenance of osmotic and electrolytic balance. It is important in proper rhythm of heart beat. It is important for creation of nerve impulse and its transmission13. In our analysis the K ranges from 0.70 to 4.43 ppm and mean value was 3.06 ppm. The lowest level was found in WS-6A and the highest in WS-3A. The median is 3.53 ppm which showed the negative asymmetry and standard deviation is 1.19 and co-efficient of variance is 39%. K values in present study were much lower than EU and UK standards. Iron in water has not hazardous for health by itself but it may be responsible for increasing the hazard of pathogenic organisms, because many of these organisms need Fe to grow. Iron is one of the most abundant metals in the earth crust and is essential for plants, animals and human being. The permissible limit placed on this metal has no health significance14. In our study the mean value found for the Fe was 0.39 ppm. The minimum value was found at 0.2 ppm in the WS-4B, and the maximum was 0.63 ppm in WS-1A. The median found for Fe was 0.40 which is greater than the mean and show asymmetry in the data. The standard deviation was 0.13 which showed small spread of the data. The co-efficient of variance value was 33.79%, in comparison with the international standards of WHO, EU, USEPA, UK, Russia and Japan present levels were almost same. The iron present in the sample seems to be ferrous iron since no discoloration of water was observed when collected. Zinc is very important constituent in our diet. Zn has hazardous effects if we increase its amount 10-15 times higher than the amount required for good health. Large doses of Zn taken orally even for a short period of time can cause nausea, stomach cramps and vomiting. Its intake for longer time results in anemia and in decreasing the levels of good cholesterol. Metal fume fever, a short term disease, may be the result of inhaling Zn as dust or fumes of zinc. Breathing high levels of Zn for long time, no doubt, has long-term effects but these are still unknown. Zinc is essential element for plants and exists in water and soil as an organic complexes and inorganic salts. Zinc is required for growth, sexual development, wound healing infection, sense of taste and night vision in human15-17. The mean value found in water samples was 0.42 ppm which ranged from 0.23 to 0.56 ppm. The median of the data reading was 0.48 which showed negative asymmetry in the data. The standard deviation sho wn was 0.12 ppm and co-efficient of variance was 27.49 %. When these values are compared with international standards the Zn level was found lower than WHO, US EPA, Russia, but was higher than EU. CONCLUSION It was observed during the present study that mean concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, and Zn in the drinking water of Islamabad were found to be 19.65, 18.04, 19.80, 3.06, 0.39, and 0.42 ppm respectively. For Na, K, Ca, Mg and Zn, these values are far less in comparison to the concentrations reported worldwide, whereas for Fe present value is nearly equal to the reported values. Ca, Mg and Na were in high concentrations as they are macronutrients while K, Fe and Zn being the micronutrients were present in low concentrations. Over all, the selected metals revealed asymmetric distribution in their concentration duly reported by standard deviation and co-efficient of variation. Table-1: Optimum analytical conditions on FAAS for selected essential metals Table-2: Distribution of selected essential metal levels (ppm) in the drinking water BDL = Below Detection Limits Table-3: Comparison of selected essential metal levels (ppm) with the international standards reported world-wide18 REFERENCES Manahan, S. E. (1997). Environmental Science and Technology, Lewis Publishers, New York, pp. 339-340. Khan, M. J.; Sarwar, S. and Khattak, R. A. (2004). Evaluation of river Jehlum water for heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cd, Pb, and Cr) and its suitability for irrigation and drinking purposes at district Muzaffarabad (AK), Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan, 26, 436-442. InamUllah, E. and A. Alam, (2014). Assessment of drinking water quality in Peshawar, Pakistan. Bulg. J.Agric. Sci., 20: 595-600 Robinson, J. W. (1995). Undergraduate Instrumental Analysis, 5th Edition, Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 7-8, 316-318. Mendham, J.; Denney, R. C.; Barnes, J. D. and M. 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(1999). Practical Environmental Analysis, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK. 1